When the piranas come a'hunting

by admin on September 5, 2007

in Tax and Ethics

Several of my blog colleagues are asking why IFRS8 is under fire.

Prem Sikka leads the charge in The Guardian with a subtle and well researched questioning about why country by country reporting is being resisted. He quotes Microsoft figures:

Microsoft has relatively few employees in Ireland, but over $16bn of assets and $9bn of profits. How can that be?

Prem of course already knows the answer, as do many others. I’ve spoken extensively with Irish bloggers on this topic and while on the one hand they praise Microsoft for bringing employment to the Emerald Isle, they also know that in doing so in the way Microsoft has, they’re fueling house price inflation that benefits very few and which holds long term dangers. But what I find particularly illuminating is a comment to Prem’s piece by MaiLing who says:

I work for one of the Big Four firms and recently qualified as a chartered accountant. During my studies we were told just to learn accounting standards and ask no questions about standard setters or even their logic. We all know that accounting standards only do what big companies want. My firm always lobbies for standards that our clients want. Prem Sikka is right that “Accountancy rules affect public welfare and they should be made by a democratic organisation that is independent of big business and accounting firms”. The problem is that big companies will never allow that unless articles like this shape public opinion.

So now we know. the Big 4 are complicit to the point of ensuring their trainees are kept in the dark about the realities of the policies they pursue.

Richard Murphy weighs in – as you’d expect in comments where he says:

Risk is geographic. More than that though a company gets its licence to operate in any territory from the government that represents those people: it has a corporate duty to account in return. This is the essence of stewardship and accountability: concepts forgotten (deliberately) in IFRS.

It is interesting is to see Alex Hawkes of AccountancyAge aligning himself to Prem’s position. Journalists are supposed to be neutral and while Alex’s blog represents his opinion, it is fascinating to see a representative from the UK’s most important accounting journal taking such a strong position.

People like Prem, Richard and to a lesser extent myself are pilloried as representing the fringe of thinking. Or worse still, written off as representing outdated, lunatic or plain wrong business thought. You know what? I could care less. You don’t have to like what I/we say but at least have the decency to realise that ‘we’ represent an oft silent majority who don’t always have access to state their thoughts and so don’t get heard. Silence is not golden. It’s a set of shackles.

When you trawl through the thinking of the Big 4 and big business, then triangulate that to stuff coming out of government, you might get the feeling that business is a gnat’s whisker from running the country as a whole. The outrage at IFRS8 is just an example of how people of conscience view this trend.

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"Sorry to hear you will cancel your AI membership. They have never struck me as an organisation that over reached thir scope at all - they have stuck to the libertarian side of the human rights agenda for most of their existence and only recently encroached tentatively on the social and cultural wing of the human rights movement."

Indeed. That is part of the reason they have been so successful. By sticking to a tightly defined agenda, they were able to enjoy support from a broad coalition. As they extend further into non-core areas, they will find (sadly to their cost and to the cost of those they seek to help) that many people cannot, in good conscience, continue to support them.

"Likewise, employees don’t always check their values at the door and become profit seeking automatons from 0900-1700 each day. This introduces further unforseen variability - what is the path to maximising employee productivity."

Quite right. But why do companies need to be *forced* to do such things? Failure to retain staff (or to achieve good productivity from them) tends to be a good motivator.

"This is all probably not something that the intro to economics class in the freshman year really got into much when plotting the point of market equilibrium. "

I wouldn't know; I didn't study economics at university :-)

Hi Richard

Sorry to hear you will cancel your AI membership. They have never struck me as an organisation that over reached thir scope at all - they have stuck to the libertarian side of the human rights agenda for most of their existence and only recently encroached tentatively on the social and cultural wing of the human rights movement. If anything they have been accused of being too narrow in their focus on human rights as set out in the Universal Declaration. Still we are lucky to live in a society where, though there are notable exceptions, in general our human rights are guranteed - maybe the sub is a bit of a luxury for you after all ... ;-)

I agree with Dennis businesses do not have an innate moral compass, they are profit seeking enterprises without a spiritual core or conscience. They are fit for purpose functional vehicles. Corporations are not even an organic entity. Markets on the other hand are incredibly social and I think businesses have to navigate the moral sensitivity of society very carefully as they seek to maximise profits. Likewise, employees don't always check their values at the door and become profit seeking automatons from 0900-1700 each day. This introduces further unforseen variability - what is the path to maximising employee productivity. This is all probably not something that the intro to economics class in the freshman year really got into much when plotting the point of market equilibrium. Real life is a bit more messy.

The world is littered with failed companies that lost sight of all this complexity of real life. Maybe it was (im)morality that incurred in these failures, greed blinded the more clear headed amoral judgement. Businesses do best when they stay amoral but stay amoral they must. But you seem to want to argue it both ways -- if businesses have no moral compass then why would it be immoral for managers to spend company money on charity any more than on say, an unnecessary promotional campaign, or a poorly conceived product?? It would be just bad governance & poor management decision, right and thats all it would mean from a moral perspective? The system would correct this beahviour quickly, no?

There is a difference between ethics and morality. Business leaders need to follow a general system of ethics as set out by peer, societal norms. After that they are free to choose their path to profit maximisation. Friedman said businesses did have to bow to this 'ethical custom' but thats it. In fact, I could care less about the personal morals of business leaders.

Suggest you take a look at what Wal Mart is doing these days. Great feature in this week's FT about how they are raising standards and maximising shareholder value. They got great kudos from Greenpeace. Does this mean that GP & Wal Mart now share the same mission statement? Of course not. Is Lee Scott personally committed? Is he an environmental leader of conscience? Who knows and I could care less. I'm just happy for the coinscidence where incremental mutual progress can be made where business can do well and do good. Actually I think innovation has a lot to do with it. Latest Goldman Sachs report bears this out as did the Stern report.

I think it is too simple and polarized to say that any overlap and joint momentum between business and social goals is incompatible. They are not necessarily directionally opposite. The tricky bit is to find and innovate these opportunities within the confines of the market place and make them stick. Still, more and more are finding success at it: Wal Mart, GE, Tesco, Marks and Spencer, Unilever and many others.

Call me a romantic but I think the 'good guys' do win in the end. You see I think we can determine the market not the other way around. Businesses don't have to serve you and me but they MUST serve the market.

Cheers
James

"Back in the day when I was at Amnesty, colleagues in paralell were running the CORE campaign to make it a legal obligation for UK listed companies to report their impact on society. The proposed OFR met a rather sudden and, I have to say, at the time an unexpected death."

James, thanks for reminding me that I am long overdue in cancelling my Amnesty membership...! They are probably the worst example of over-reach I can think of right now.

As for "CORE", do you know why they happened to choose UK listed companies - rather than, say, government agencies or private companies or foreign companies operating here or any other collection of entities? Seems rather arbitrary.

Hi Dennis,

Thanks for the reply and sorry for the delay in responding

"The problem the tax justice movement has is that it is easy to paint them as old style left wingers and I guess any talk of redistribution of wealth is bound to draw that response."

That is a good point. I have some sympathy with *some* of their campaigns. The recent furore over taxation of some in Private Equity is a good example. However, when the same people argue for higher taxation/higher government spending overall, they dilute their message.

"Fact is that companies have no moral compass - they’re not required to do so and it can be argued they would not be acting in stakeholders’ interests if they did."

Correct. It would be immoral for a company to do otherwise. The company's capital is not the managers'. It is the owners'. If the owners wish to make charitable donations or do anything else with their profits, that is fine. The managers are also free to do so with their own money. Spending other people's money on goals of your choosing does not strike me as a particularly honourable way to behave.

"People of conscience"...

Careful. Don't confuse intent with outcome. Those who disagree with you may share your intent. It says nothing about their conscience if they happen to believe your methods will not result in the outcome you both desire.

"I am an optimist in this regard because I think that ‘good guys really do win.’"

Repeat after me: "Intent is not the same as outcome!" :-)

@Richard: it's not about ideologies - that's a really important point. The problem the tax justice movement has is that it is easy to paint them as old style left wingers and I guess any talk of redistribution of wealth is bound to draw that response. But if I have to make a choice then I'd rather that than the insidious way in which business is becoming the master of our lives, regardless of what our political masters may say. There are some very good films on this like The Corporation, Why Do We Fight etc. Fact is that companies have no moral compass - they're not required to do so and it can be argued they would not be acting in stakeholders' interests if they did. But...it's been taken way too far IMO. Civil society is kicking back and Prem represents one of the long term thinkers in this regard.

@James - you can be sure that any real attempt to make business accountable to society is going to have a rough road. Companies don't want us to know what they do. At its most cynical - Sage (for example) has a CSR policy that is meaningless because there are no targets or tied in management reward systems. It's a farce.

People of conscience are well aware of the battles they face but are articulate enough to make their presence felt. What difference it makes in the long term remains to be seen but I am an optimist in this regard because I think that 'good guys really do win.'

Dennis

Back in the day when I was at Amnesty, colleagues in paralell were running the CORE campaign to make it a legal obligation for UK listed companies to report their impact on society. The proposed OFR met a rather sudden and, I have to say, at the time an unexpected death.

Hi Dennis,

You're the third person today who has suggested Prem Sikka is somebody worth reading (I have somehow managed completely to miss him and I do buy the Guardian fairly regularly). However, I should say you're unique in being the only one of the three who spoke *approvingly* of his writings :-)

The more I think about it, the more I realise my complaint about tax "justice" is that it seems, to me, to be little more than a rather clever, well-thought-out attempt to apply a new intellectual veneer to failed ideologies.

However, I've tried - and I thought I had been successful - to avoid attacking the person. Clearly, arguments and ideas are fair game but it has not been my attention to "write people off".

Regards,

Richard.

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